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When you visit Okinawa, you should actively experience the dialect “Uchinaaguchi! Even the names of cafes and restaurants incorporate the unique Okinawan dialect.
For example, “Kukuru Cafe” is named after “kukuru,” meaning “heart,” and there are stores with unique names such as “Izakaya Megosaa. Megosaa” is an Okinawan dialect expression meaning “sternum” and is often used by parents to warn their children, “If you do something bad again, I’ll megosaa you! If you do something bad again, I’ll megosaa you!
Kariyushi (happiness, blessing)” and “Mensore (welcome)” which you may see when you arrive at the airport are also words you should learn. The best part of traveling is that you can experience Okinawan culture more deeply by using these dialects in your travels!
This time, we will thoroughly introduce such Okinawan dialect “Uchinaguchi”!
Please try it out on your travels!
Basic Knowledge of Uchinaguchi
Meaning and Usage of “Mensore
Menso-are” is a welcoming greeting in the Okinawan dialect meaning “irasshaimase” or “welcome. You may see signs saying “Menso-are Okinawa” in the arrival lobby of Naha Airport or at tourist facilities, or you may be greeted with “Menso-are” by locals. Even in restaurants and souvenir stores, you will often be greeted with a smile and a “Mensoire! and are often greeted with a smile.
Etymology and Origin
There are various theories as to the origin of the word “mensore,” but one theory is that it is a variant of the old Japanese words “mairi shimasu ohare” and “mairi horahe. The idea is that “mensu” is derived from “masu,” and “so-are” from “so-rae,” which is an anglicized form of “mairi. This greeting symbolizes the warm hospitality of the Okinawan people.
examples showing the use (of a word)
- Welcome at airports and tourist facilities: The “Menso-are Okinawa” sign hanging in the arrival lobby of Naha Airport is a symbol of welcome for visitors.
- Customer service at stores: At local restaurants and souvenir stores, shopkeepers will say “mensore” to visitors, expressing a cordial welcome.
How to reply
When you are greeted with “Mensoire,” the response is “chabirasai. This means “Gomen kudasai” or “I’m here,” and is used as a greeting from the visitor’s side.
Let’s talk about Uchinaaguchi easily with “Yaibin”!
Yaibin” is a polite Uchinaguchi expression meaning “it is” and is equivalent to “desu” in standard Japanese. By simply adding “yai-bin” to the end of an ordinary word, you can easily complete an Uchinaguchi style expression! A more polite expression is “yai-bin. It is used by superiors and in formal situations, and can be said in a way that respects Okinawan culture.
- Wanyaibin: It’s me.
- Kutubayibin: It’s a word.
- Yaibi ndo: yes (an expression of agreement or affirmation)
By simply incorporating these expressions into your daily conversation, you can easily use uchinaguchi! For example, “It’s a beautiful day today” can be said as “Today, it’s a beautiful day, ee-ji-yaibin” to get closer to the locals.
Difference between “haisai” and “haitai
When greeting “hello” in Okinawa, men say “haisai” and women say “haitai.
The greeting is different for each gender in Uchinaguchi. If a man greets a woman with “Hai-sai! means “Hello! women use “haitai! women use “haitai!
Phonetic changes in Uchinaguchi
Uchinaguchi has unique phonological changes that differ from those of standard Japanese. One of the most famous of these is the “Ai’iu’iu rule.
This rule changes the “o” sound of the standard language to an “u” sound and the “e” sound to an “i” sound. This gives the Okinawan language a soft and distinctive sound.
What is Aiuiu’s Law?
The “Law of Aiuiu” refers to the simplification of vowels in Uchinaguchi. Japanese has a five-vowel system of “a, i, u, e, and o.” In Uchinaguchi, the “u” sound is frequently used and tends to be simplified to three vowels (a, i, and u). Therefore, when standard Japanese words are changed to Uchinaguchi, they sound different.
Specific sound changes
- Kokoro (heart) → Kukuru
- The standard word “kokoro” changes to “kukuru” in Uchinaguchi. Here, the “o” sound changes to an “u” sound, making the sound more rounded and gentle.
- Words (ことば) → Kutuba
- The “Kotoba” changes to “Kutuba. The “to” and “ba” sounds change, and the “o” sound changes to an “u” sound, creating a rhythm unique to Okinawa.
- Children → Kunuma
- Children” becomes “kunuma. The “do” changes to “nu” and the “o” sound is replaced by an “u” sound, giving the whole word a rounded sound.
Phrases to use in Uchinaguchi
Let’s grab hearts and minds with greetings and words!
Start with greetings you can use in your daily life. You may be able to get along with the locals right away.
- Yes, yes, yes – hello (male / female)
- Gusu – Hello (more friendly greeting)
- Nifudevil – thank you!
- Nothing to worry about – we’ll figure it out (don’t worry!)
Words that make conversation more enjoyable
In Okinawa, casually adding Uchinaaguchi during a conversation will bring the person you are talking to closer.
- Chura – Beautiful (Let’s go see the Chura Sea!)
- Omoro – Interesting (this story, Omoro!)
- Maasan – Delicious (this dish, shinimaasan!)
- Chimaya – Foodie (Yagiri Chimaya-ne)
Changing reactions on the road! Emotional Expression
The language that conveys emotion is also unique. Please take it when you are moved or surprised.
- Chimu Dongdan – My Chest is Exciting!
- Aggravated – Ouch! (When you bump into him, etc.)
- Shishi – very (delicious shishi!)
Why you should learn Uchinaguchi
Let’s take a closer look at why visitors to Okinawa can experience more than just sightseeing by learning Uchinaaguchi. Dialects are directly related to the local culture and the spirit of the people. By understanding Uchinaaguchi, one can get in touch with the essence of Okinawa.
1. deeper communication
Learning Uchinaaguchi allows you to enjoy a more intimate interaction with the locals. The locals will be happy to know that you are not just a tourist, but that you respect and try to understand Okinawan culture. For example, when they see beautiful scenery and express their excitement with “Chura! when you see a beautiful scenery, or expressing your gratitude by saying “Nifu-de-biru! will convey your feelings more deeply.
An exchange of hearts and minds connected by words
Okinawans highly value “kizuna” (bonds) and “human connections”. By using Uchinaaguchi, you will have more opportunities to come into contact with their warm hearts. At local markets and small stores, you can say “Hai sai! (Hello!)” at a local market or small shop. (Hello!) at a local market or small shop, you may be greeted with friendliness. You can also use the optimistic phrase, “It’s going to be alright,” in conversation, which will naturally bring a smile to your face. By speaking Uchinaaguchi, you will feel as if you are not just a tourist, but a friend who shares a common culture.
Smiles created by words
In addition, when you connect with locals beyond the language barrier, you may hear in-depth stories about Okinawan culture and customs. For example, you may have the opportunity to learn “folktales” and “island legends” from local grandmothers. This kind of interaction is what makes a trip to Okinawa special.
2. understanding of local culture
Language is culture itself. Uchinaaguchi is steeped in Okinawan history, lifestyle, and values. Each word reflects the unique way of thinking and customs of Okinawa.
The Spirit of Okinawa Conveyed by Words
For example, the expression “ichiribiricho de (once you meet, you are all brothers)” expresses the depth of emotional ties that are unique to Okinawa, where it is natural to quickly become friends with people you have never met before. This phrase symbolizes the community spirit of Okinawa, where people are close and caring.
A view of nature in words
Uchinaguchi also shows the values of the Okinawan people, who have always valued living in harmony with nature. For example, the word “kaji,” which means “wind” or “fire,” has a special meaning that includes respect for nature. The Okinawan people have a long history of fearing and appreciating nature and cherishing its presence. Knowing this background will give you a deeper understanding of the Okinawan language and a different perspective on your travels.
History and Dialect Background of Okinawa
1. influence of the Ryukyu Kingdom period
Uchinaguchi in Okinawa is a language rich in its own culture and traditions. Its origins date back to the period of the Ryukyu Kingdom, which flourished from the 14th to 19th centuries. At that time, the Ryukyu Kingdom traded extensively with China, Japan, and Southeast Asia, and was influenced by diverse cultures. As a result, Uchinaaguchi includes words of Chinese origin and expressions that are a fusion of cultures from various parts of Asia. Nevertheless, it has maintained its own identity and developed a language system unique to Ryukyu.
Fusion of Ryukyuan Culture
During this period, the “Shuri Dialect” developed around the capital city of Shuri. While absorbing different cultures brought by trade, a language was formed that valued Okinawa’s unique worldview and values. By understanding this background, it becomes clear that Uchinaaguchi is not just a language, but a symbol of the pride and spirit of Okinawa.
2. suppression of dialects in the Meiji era
In 1879, with the “Disposal of the Ryukyu Islands”, the Ryukyu Kingdom was incorporated into Japan and incorporated as Okinawa Prefecture. At this time, the Japanese government strongly promoted “standard language education” and severely restricted the use of Uchinaaguchi. In particular, a penalty system called “hogenfuda” was introduced in schools, whereby students were punished by having a wooden tag hung around their necks if they spoke in dialect. This repressive policy made many Okinawans afraid to use their own language, and Uchinaaguchi gradually declined.
Effects of language suppression
This language policy dealt a severe blow to Okinawa’s cultural identity. Uchinaaguchi gradually disappeared from daily life as it was considered shameful to speak a dialect and the younger generation in particular was forced to speak the standard language. However, despite this history of oppression, the Okinawan people have continued to preserve their culture.
Initiatives for Dialect Revival
Today, Uchinaaguchi is listed by UNESCO as a “language in peril,” but efforts are underway in Okinawa to restore it. Local cultural groups are working to promote Uchinaaguchi through traditional performing arts and music, and attempts are underway to incorporate Uchinaaguchi into school education. Through these efforts, Uchinaguchi is slowly coming back into daily life.
Modern Uchinaguchi and its preservation
Youth and the Current State of Uchinaguchi
In contemporary Okinawa, Uchinaaguchi has been recognized by UNESCO as a “language in crisis”. This is due to the gradual decline in the use of Uchinaaguchi. Due in part to the spread of the standard language and the effects of globalization, there are fewer and fewer opportunities for young people to speak Uchinaguchi on a daily basis. However, local efforts are actively being made to address this issue.
Preservation and Reconstruction Efforts
Okinawan cultural organizations and schools are dedicated to the preservation and promotion of Uchinaaguchi. For example, local schools teach Uchinaaguchi to students through dialect classes and club activities. Students learn Okinawan folk songs and perform dialect plays, having fun while learning Uchinaaguchi. In addition, traditional performing arts performances using Uchinaaguchi are presented at community events and festivals, providing a new learning experience for the younger generation.
Use of SNS and digital media
Furthermore, more and more attempts are being made to spread Uchinaguchi through social networking and digital media. Videos introducing dialects and music such as rap and hip-hop using Uchinaguchi are being disseminated on platforms popular among young people. These efforts play an important role in making Uchinaguchi look attractive as a modern culture, rather than as something “old-fashioned.
Uchinaguchi and Identity
An increasing number of young people are learning Uchinaaguchi out of a desire to preserve Okinawan culture. Especially for young people who feel the need to “reaffirm their Okinawan identity,” Uchinaaguchi has become a way to understand their roots. For example, by using uchinaaguchi to talk with their grandparents and learn about their family history, they can rediscover the rich traditions of Okinawa.
Appearance of Okinawa English
Influence of U.S. Military Rule
The period of U.S. military rule from 1945 to 1972 brought about major changes in Okinawan language and culture. With the establishment of many U.S. military bases and frequent contact with Americans, Okinawans learned English and adopted it into their daily lives. This gave birth to a unique language known as “Okinawan English.
What is Okinawa English?
Okinawan English is an English pronunciation or word arranged in Uchinaguchi or Japanese style. For example, the word “ice whaler” is used to refer to “cold water” in restaurants, and the word “mikudano” to refer to the fast food restaurant McDonald’s. An auto repair shop is called “Motor Sharp,” and an A&W fast food restaurant is familiarly known as “Ender. These words arose spontaneously from interactions with the U.S. military and deeply permeated Okinawan society at the time.
Okinawan English rooted in daily life
These words continue to be used as part of everyday life, especially for the older generation, known as “ojis” and “obaa. For example, it is not uncommon to hear the phrase “coffee sharp (coffee shop)” in an old-fashioned café. Also, when talking about their memories of those days and their lifestyles, one can hear a mixture of English and uchinaguchi (a kind of Japanese dialect) in their conversations.
Young Generation and Okinawan English
On the other hand, the use of Okinawan English is gradually declining among the younger generation. More than 50 years have passed since the end of the U.S. military occupation, and the social environment has changed dramatically, so Okinawan English is slowly fading into the background. However, there are still situations where it plays an important role as a language for strengthening family ties, as it is used by young Okinawans in conversations with their grandparents and in situations where they respect local traditions.
Nostalgia and cultural value
Okinawan English is a symbol of Okinawa’s postwar history and culture. Even for the younger generation, it is more than just a language; it is a unique part of Okinawa’s cultural heritage. Local radio programs and reissue events often feature these words, and they are being reevaluated with nostalgia.
The Okinawan dialect (Uchinaguchi) has many unique expressions. The following is a list of commonly used Okinawan dialects and their standard translations in alphabetical order.
Simple Uchinaguchi List
| words and phrases only used in Okinawa | standard Japanese translation | Description. |
|---|---|---|
| moth (Bubalus quarlesi) | painful | Used for injury or pain. |
| not very (with negative sentence) | mother | A familiar name referring to the mother. |
| Ichiri-chou-techo de (tea ceremony held in Kyoto between late October and early November) | Once you meet someone, you’re all brothers | It represents the spirit of Okinawa, where people are friendly even when meeting for the first time. |
| “in” name | Okinawa (prefecture) | It refers to Okinawa itself and its people. |
| shrine maiden | fisherman | Refers to people who work at sea. |
| howdy (esp. of a crow) | Yes, it is. | It is used as an agreement or a phase. |
| helm | unsewn part of a hanging sleeve on a traditional Japanese woman’s garment | Refers to the winds of the weather. |
| provisional license | of good omen | Used for celebrations and other occasions. |
| expect | mind | Express feelings and sentiments. |
| Japanese horsetail (Equisetum arvense) | expression of gratitude before meals | Greetings before meals. |
| sata andagi | sata andagi | Traditional Okinawan fried sweets. |
| death | very | Used as an emphatic expression. |
| Hiraizumi | I don’t want it | Indicates not required. |
| short (e.g. story, film) | grandfather | Refers to older men. |
| fighting | beautiful | It represents the beauty of scenery, people, etc. |
| non-human primate | substitute | Used in the approximate sense. |
| abbreviation used in a letter | wife | Refers to the female spouse. |
| Niffey-devil | Thank you. | A polite expression of gratitude. |
| being eliminated (from competition) | Hello (Female) | Greetings used by women. |
| distribution | Hello (Male) | Greetings used by men. |
| secret price | Come on. | Used for encouragement and support. |
| infidelity | infidelity | Rice cake covered with azuki beans. |
| Maa-san (Japanese brand of caramelized sugar candy) | delicious | Used to praise the taste of food. |
| see (e.g. “see, hear, see”) | eye | Refers to the eyes of humans and animals. |
| be in a state of near-death (e.g. heat) | all | Show all. |
| welcome | welcome! | Welcome remarks. |
| hey | you | Used as second person. |
| the passing of time | lie | Refers to something that is not true. |
| four wonders | slowly | Demonstrate a relaxed behavior. |
| horizontally-wrapped fabric forming the bottom part of some traditional Japanese clothing | not (verb-negating suffix; may indicate question or invitation with rising intonation) | Indicates a negative. |
| on-the-spot investigation or inspection | on-the-spot investigation or inspection | A traditional Okinawan musical instrument. |
| serendipitously | get angry | Expresses feelings of anger. |
Knowing these expressions will help you better interact with the culture and people of Okinawa.
summary
Learning Uchinaaguchi will transform your trip to Okinawa into a deeper cultural experience, not just a sightseeing trip. You will enjoy communicating with the locals, and you will be exposed to Okinawa’s rich history and values.
Your trip will be made even more special by learning about Okinawan English, which was born during the period of U.S. military rule, and the local dialects that are rooted in the region.
Please join us! and “Mensole! and enjoy a heartwarming exchange of greetings.
If you want to enjoy Okinawa, get discount tickets online!
special feature article
Roadside Stations and Direct Selling Stations Special Feature!
Michi no Eki (Roadside Stations) and direct sales shops in Okinawa are very popular tourist attractions. Each has its own unique characteristics, making them 200% worth visiting! Please visit them!
Special feature on beaches on the main island of Okinawa!
The main island of Okinawa has many wonderful beaches that can only be found in the tropics. We will introduce each of them in an easy-to-understand manner, from the very secluded to the well-serviced executive beaches.
Typhoon Okinawa
We have compiled a list of points to keep in mind when a typhoon approaches so that you can respond without panic before or during your trip. We hope you will find it useful.
One of the best spots for lunch in Okinawa!
